The chickenpox vaccine, also known as the varicella vaccine (VZV), is a safe and effective immunisation that protects against chickenpox, a highly contagious viral infection that causes an itchy red rash and blisters. There are also some potentially serious complications from a chickenpox virus infection, including encephalitis and, in later life, painful shingles. However, these illnesses can be avoided if vaccinated against chickenpox disease.
The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a double-stranded DNA virus closely related to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. These viruses proliferate rapidly, invading and destroying cells. VZV causes chickenpox, can establish a latent infection in nerve ganglions and later reactivates like other herpes viruses. Latent reactivation of VZV causes herpes zoster (HZ) or ‘shingles’ in many people later in life.
The following is a guide only, so check with your Travelvax doctor or GP for any varicella vaccinations or medical conditions associated with chickenpox, herpes or shingles.
Complications of Varicella Infection
While most chickenpox sufferers recover fully without further problems, the government guidelines point to various complications experienced by some people. These include children and adults with weakened immune systems. The complications may include:
- Pneumonia – infection and lung inflammation can occur in adults and be fatal.
- Encephalitis – brain inflammation, usually mild, but at times severe.
- Cellulitis – a bacterial skin infection.
- Bleeding disorders – rare, though they can be fatal.
- Death – rare cases.
- Scars – chickenpox can leave pockmark scars on the skin.
- Shingles – can occur in people who have previously had chickenpox.
Chickenpox Vaccine Facts
The chickenpox vaccines contain a weakened form of the varicella-zoster virus responsible for chickenpox infection. When vaccinated, the body develops immunity to the virus, meaning a person is far less likely to get sick with chickenpox if exposed.
Who Should Get the Chickenpox Vaccine?
The Australian Department of Health and Aged Care guidelines recommend that all children receive varicella-containing vaccine at 18 months of age. Adults who have never had chickenpox or been vaccinated should also get two doses of the vaccine.
The chickenpox vaccine is available from most general practitioners (GPs) and immunisation clinics in Australia, including specialist travel clinics such as Travelvax. It is also available through some pharmacies.
Varicella Vaccination Schedule in Australia:
Chickenpox vaccine age guidelines:
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Children
Varicella vaccination recommendations in Australia include advising that children receive the MMRV vaccine.
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Teenagers and Adults
Teenagers and adults who have never had chickenpox or been vaccinated should receive two doses of the chickenpox vaccine, with at least one month between doses.
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Healthcare workers etc.
Healthcare workers, childhood educators, and people working in long-term care facilities should also receive two doses of the chickenpox vaccine, regardless of whether they have had or been vaccinated.
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Catch-up Varicella Vaccine
The chickenpox vaccine is also available as a catch-up vaccination for people who have not been vaccinated according to the recommended schedule.
Guidelines For Chickenpox and Pregnant Women
If you are pregnant, chickenpox disease is very dangerous for you and your baby. Non-immune women who come in contact with an infected person and contract varicella during pregnancy are more likely to develop a severe illness and complications. If you catch chickenpox while pregnant, your baby may be born with severe chickenpox or congenital disorders.
If you are planning a pregnancy, seek guidance from your doctor about preconception screening for immunity to chickenpox. The varicella vaccine is not advised during pregnancy, so it’s better to get it beforehand.
How Effective is the Chickenpox Vaccine in Australia?
The varicella vaccine is more than 90 percent effective at preventing chickenpox. However, some people who are vaccinated may still get chickenpox, but the symptoms are usually milder, with fewer or no blisters (they may have just red spots) and low or no fever.
The Australian government funds the chickenpox vaccine under the National Immunisation Program (NIP). Thus, the guidelines state the vaccine is available free of charge for eligible people.
What Are the Side Effects of Varicella Vaccine?
The most common side effects of the varicella vaccine for the varicella-zoster virus in Australia are mild and go away on their own within a few days. The side effects of the chickenpox virus may include:
- Soreness, redness, or swelling at the injection site
- Mild fever
- Fatigue
- Rash
Is the chickenpox vaccine safe in Australia?
Chickenpox vaccination is very safe and effective. Millions of children and adults in Australia have received the vaccine.
Varicella Vaccine Benefits
The varicella vaccine is important because it can help prevent chickenpox disease, which can be a severe illness. Chickenpox can lead to complications such as pneumonia, meningitis, and encephalitis. In rare cases, chickenpox can even be fatal. The chickenpox vaccine can also help protect others in your community, especially those who cannot get vaccinated, such as those with a weakened immune system.
If you have questions about the chickenpox vaccine in Australia, please contact your doctor or immunisation clinic. They can help you decide if the vaccine suits you and your family.
Call Travelvax For a Varicella Vaccine Today
Contracting chickenpox is risky in undeveloped countries but just as risky in developed countries due to fragmented varicella immunisation schedules. Very few countries routinely use chickenpox vaccination schedules, but coverage is increasing. However, anyone without immunity, either by varicella infection or vaccination, should consider having the vaccine, especially if they are staying for an extended period. Contact Travelvax today at 1300 360 164, email admin@travelvax.com.au or message us online.
References:
- Australian Department of Health and Aged Care: https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/varicella-chickenpo
- Immunise Australia: https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/varicella-chickenpox
